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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, and appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. They are not able to solve the problem and can only treat symptoms if taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication can include a change in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant, is the most common medication used to treat ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long and has an extended release. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to increase concentration. It can also lessen the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, such as behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It may also trigger rapid changes in blood sugar levels, and people with diabetes should be careful when taking this medication. Speak to adhd medication for adults uk if you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as pain in the toes and fingers. It is a rare but serious side result. It is important to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms develop. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate may slow children's growth. However this hasn't been proved. If your child is taking methylphenidate ensure that you be aware of their weight and height. If your child is on a methylphenidate chewable tablet, it contains phenylalanine, which is potentially dangerous for children with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you have PKU, ask your doctor about different methylphenidate formulations. Stimulants are the most popular medication for treating ADHD however, certain people are not able to use these medications. In these cases doctors may prescribe a different medication that functions similarly. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These drugs can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are usually taken twice to three times per day however some people may take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known under the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration and reduces hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite choice for both adults and children who prefer a different type of medication from stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to know that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It could take up to six weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. Additionally, you may experience side-effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and stomach upset. For the majority of patients, the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh the risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study with 297 ADHD patients ages 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, which is a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg, or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. The atomoxetine treatment group showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson and colleagues 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient withdrew due to a eruption. Three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil et al 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your medical history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medications. It is crucial to inform your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease, or an unusually sudden death. You should also be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue injection, rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and boost focus, though it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets as well as extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication as prescribed. You might experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop abruptly. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary from 100mg two or three times a day to 150mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed by the digestive system and excreted in urine. It is not able to enter breast milk. It can, however, get into the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It is important to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications It's therefore important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's also important to know whether you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make side effects worse. Numerous studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults with ADHD. These studies had mixed results and were not conducted properly. A majority of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. The data indicate that bupropion has a small effect on ADHD. More research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, including an improvement in the quality of living. Before effective treatments can be created it is crucial to understand the underlying causes of the molecular causes of ADHD. This includes a better knowledge of the relationship between the molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs work in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed for children suffering from ADHD don't work or cause side negative effects. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), are effective in boosting the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help people focus. adhd treatment without medication can cause severe side negative effects. They are usually only used when other medications do not work. The first choice of depression treatment is typically a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), such as sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in some cases, despite their long history. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and have an additional pain-relieving effect which is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake and also act as lower modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, they're safer in pregnancy and aren't teratogenic in animals or humans. But they can have significant withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor may recommend slowly decreasing the dosage over several weeks to reduce the effects. While not officially approved by the FDA as a medication for adhd bupropion is commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It is also believed to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants to produce faster and longer-lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, however many people experience relief from herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet that is low in sugar and fat can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Also, avoiding caffeine can also be helpful for certain people. It's important to tell your doctor about all medications you or your child uses, including prescription drugs and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and reduce unwanted side effects. ADHD medication can affect people differently. It may take some trial and error before you find the right dosage and drug for your child or yourself.